「Matrices of tropical infection」の版間の差分

2022年10月15日 (土) 23:01時点における版

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General issues of Vaccine

Cold chain
Correlates of Protection
Vaccines for Asplenia
Vaccines for Pregnant women
Vaccines for Immunocompromised hosts
Vaccine hesitancy
Additional materials of vaccine

General issues of Tropical med.

General issues of Travel med.

Epidemiology of Travel health
Last minute traveler
Time zone issue
High altitude medicine
Diving medicine
Pregnancy and travel
Children and travel
Elderly and travel

Immunology

Principle of human immune system
Innate immunity
Cellular immunity
Humoral immunity
Neutralizing antibody and its assay
Antigenic Cartography
Additional materials of immunology

Epi & Stats

Basics & Definition
Epidemiology
Odds in statistics and Odds in a horse race
Collider bias
Data distribution
Statistical test
Regression model
Multivariate analysis
Marginal effects
Prediction and decision
Table-related commands in STATA
Missing data and imputation

Virus

HIV
HIV-TB co-infection
HIV-STI interaction
Viral Hemorrhagic Fever
Ebola
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever
SFTS
Rabies
Polio
Dengue
Yellow fever
Chikungunya
Zika
Japanese encephalitis
Tick-borne encephalitis
Viral hepatitis
Measles
Smallpox and Monkeypox
Respiratory Syncytial virus

COVID-19

Bivalent BA.1/BA.4-5 mRNA vaccines
Monovalent XBB-1.5 mRNA vaccine
Private archives of the initial phase of the pandemic
Private archives of lecture materials of COVID vaccine as of March 2021
厚生労働省が発出する保健行政関連の文書の読み解き方

Bacteria

Rickettsia

Rickettsiosis
Scrub typhus
Spotted fevers
Epidemic typhus
Murine typhus

Protozoa

Overview of protozoa
Overview of medicine for protozoa
Malaria
Chagas disease
African trypanosomiasis
Leishmaniasis
Trichomoniasis
Toxoplasmosis
Amoebiasis
Giardiasis
Cryptosporidiosis
Cyclosporiasis
Isosporiasis
Pentatrichomoniasis
Microsporidiasis
Babesiosis

Fungi

General issues of fungi
Coccidioidomycosis
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Histoplasmosis
Talaromycosis
Blastomycosis
Sporotrichosis

Nematode (roundworm)

Nematode principles
Lympatic filariasis
Onchocerciasis
Loiasis
Microscopic differentiation of microfilariae
Strongyloidiasis
Ascariasis
Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)
Trichuriasis (whipworm)
Enterobiasis (pinworm)
Angiostrongyliasis (rat lungworm)
Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm)
Anisakiasis
Trichinellosis (Trichinosis)
Gnathostomiasis
Spirurinasis
Soil-transmitted helminths

Trematode (fluke, distoma)

General issues of Helminths
Trematode principles
Schistosomiasis
Clonorchiasis
Fascioliasis
Paragonimiasis
Metagonimiasis

Cestode (tapeworm)

General issues of Helminths
Cestode principles
Diphyllobothriasis
Sparganosis
Taeniasis
Echinococcosis

Medical Zoology

Zoonosis
Insectology
Mosquitology
Acarology
Batology
Snake toxicology
Scorpion and spider toxicology
Marine toxicology

Reproduction of protozoa

	Virus	Bacteria and Rickettsia	Protozoa	Nematode	Trematode	Cestode
asexual			Intestinal amoeba Giardia Trypanosoma Leishmania
sexual			Plasmodium Trypanosoma also has sexual stage Leishmania also has sexual stage Cryptosporidium Cyclospora Isospora

Routes of transmission

Vertical transmission that matters

	Virus	Bacteria and Rickettsia	Protozoa
placental	HIV Hepatitis B	Syphilis	Chagas
transvaginal	HIV Hepatitis B	Neonatal gonococcal conjunctivitis
breastfeeding	HTLV-1

Water

	Virus	Bacteria and Rickettsia	Protozoa	Nematode	Cestode
Direct contact to freshwater	nil	Leptospirosis Melioidosis	Acanthamoeba spp. (cornea)	Schistosomiasis
Aspiration of freshwater		Melioidosis	Naegleria fowleri
Ingestion of freshwater		Melioidosis	Naegleria fowleri		Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm)

Soil

	Bacteria and Rickettsia	Nematode
soil to skin	Melioidosis	Ancylostomiasis (hookworm) (by larvae) Strongyloidiasis (by larvae)
soil to mouth		Ascariasis (by eggs) Toxocariasis (by eggs)
direct anus to mouth though called as soil-transmitted helminths		Enterobiasis (pinworm) (by eggs) Trichuriasis (whipworm) (by eggs)

Animals

	Virus	Bacteria and Rickettsia
Rodent	Hantavirus Lassa Monkeypox	Leptospirosis Plague
Domestic animals		Bartonellosis Brucellosis

Flies

	Bacteria and Rickettsia	Protozoa	Nematodes
Sandfly	Bartonellosis (Oroya fever, Carrion's disease)	Leishmaniasis
Blackfly			Onchocerciasis
Tse Tse fly		African trypanosomiasis
Deer fly Chrysops			Loiasis
Horse fly Tabanus			Loiasis

Incubation period/Latent infection

	Virus	Bacteria and Rickettsia	Protozoa	Nematode	Trematode	Cestode
Incubation/latency possibly > 1 year		Melioidosis	Leishmania Trypanosoma cruzi

Target organs

Eye involvement

	Virus	Bacteria and Rickettsia	Protozoa	Nematode	Trematode	Cestode
Conjunctivitis	Zika	Leptospirosis as conjunctival suffusion

Skin involvement

	Virus	Bacteria and Rickettsia	Protozoa	Nematode	Trematode	Cestode
larvae migrans				Ancylostomiasis (hookworm) Gnathostomiasis Strongyloidiasis as larva currens

Liver and spleen involvement

	Virus	Bacteria and Rickettsia	Protozoa	Trematode
Jaundice	Viral hepatitis Yellow fever	Leptospirosis	Malaria
Hepatosplenomegaly		Melioidosis Brucellosis Oroya fever	Malaria Visceral leishmaniasis	Schistosomiasis
Hepatomegaly predominant	Viral hepatitis	Leptospirosis
Splenomegaly predominant			Visceral leishmaniasis

Infected cells

	Virus	Bacteria and Rickettsia	Protozoa	Nematode	Trematode	Cestode
Macrophage		Tuberculosis Brucellosis Melioidosis	Trypanosomiasis Leishmaniasis

Syndromes

	Nematode	Cestode
Katayama syndrome		Schistosomiasis
Löeffler syndrome	Ascariasis Strongyloidiasis Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)
Mazzotti reaction	DEC for onchocerciasis highly possible Ivermectin for onchocerciasis sometimes possible Ivermectin for loasis with onchocerca sometimes possible
Wakana syndrome	Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)

Treatment

Treatment for helminths

	Nematode	Trematode	Cestode
Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)	Lymphatic filariasis Loiasis when <8,000MF/mL NEVER for Onchocerciasis and beware of co-infection
Ivermectin	Onchocerciasis but Mazzotti 10% and encephalopathy NEVER for Loiasis and beware of co-infection Strongyloidiasis Ancylostomiasis (hookworm) Gnathostomiasis
Albendazole	Loiasis when >8,000MF/mL Ancylostomiasis (hookworm) Trichuriasis (whipworm) Trichinellosis Toxocariasis Enterobiasis (pinworm) Gnathostomiasis		Echinococcosis
Praziquantel	Ascariasis	Adult of schistosoma Clonorchiasis Paragonimiasis	Diphyllobothriasis Taeniasis Echinococcosis
Triclabendazole		Fasciolasis
Doxycycline	Adult of lymphatic filariae for Wolbachia Adult of onchocerca for Wolbachia
Mechanical removal Spontaneous resolution No effective treatment	Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm) Anisakiasis Angiostrongyliasis (rat lungworm)		PAIR for Echinococcus granulosus Surgery for Echinococcus multilocularis

Options for LF, Oncho and Loiasis

	Lymphatic filariasis	Onchocerciasis	Loiasis
Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)	1st line	NEVER possibly Mazzotti	<8,000MF/mL
Ivermectin		1st line but Mazzotti 10%	NEVER possibly encephalopathy
Albendazole			>8,000MF/mL

	Lymphatic filariasis	→LF & Oncho←	Onchocerciasis	→Oncho & Loiasis←	Loiasis
Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)	1st line	NEVER	NEVER	NEVER	<8,000MF/mL
Ivermectin		Ivermectin + Albendazole may be safe	1st line but Mazzotti 10%	NEVER	NEVER
Albendazole		Ivermectin + Albendazole may be safe		may be an option	>8,000MF/mL
Other option				Cytapheresis of oncho MF before DEC

@@ 121行目: / 121行目: @@
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-*[[Ascariasis]]
+*[[Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)]] (by larvae)
+*[[Strongyloidiasis]] (by larvae)
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-*[[Melioidosis]]
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-*[[Strongyloidiasis]]
+*[[Ascariasis]] (by eggs)
+*[[Toxocariasis]] (by eggs)
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+|-
+!direct anus to mouth<br>though called as<br>soil-transmitted helminths
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+*[[Enterobiasis (pinworm)]] (by eggs)
+*[[Trichuriasis (whipworm)]] (by eggs)
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