General issues of Helminths

Navigation Menu

General issues of Vaccine
Cold chain Correlates of Protection Vaccines for Asplenia Vaccines for Pregnant women Vaccines for Immunocompromised hosts Vaccine hesitancy Additional materials of vaccine

General issues of Tropical med.

Definition of Tropical Medicine Matrices of tropical infection General issues of Helminths Neglected Tropical Diseases Sexually-transmitted infections Non-Communicable Diseases Maternal health and contraception Child health Malnutrition and Micronutrient Eosinophilia Fever in the tropics Diarrhea in the tropics Anemia in the tropics Dermatology in the tropics Ophthalmology in the tropics Neurology in the tropics Mental health in the tropics Surgery in the tropics Humanitarian emergency Epidemiology in outbreak Antimicrobial resistance Pathology of infectious diseases

General issues of Travel med.
Epidemiology of Travel health Last minute traveler Time zone issue High altitude medicine Diving medicine Pregnancy and travel Children and travel Elderly and travel

Immunology
Principle of human immune system Innate immunity Cellular immunity Humoral immunity Neutralizing antibody and its assay Antigenic Cartography Additional materials of immunology

Epi & Stats
Basics & Definition Epidemiology Odds in statistics and Odds in a horse race Collider bias Data distribution Statistical test Regression model Multivariate analysis Marginal effects Prediction and decision Table-related commands in STATA Missing data and imputation

Virus
HIV HIV-TB co-infection HIV-STI interaction Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Ebola Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever SFTS Rabies Polio Dengue Yellow fever Chikungunya Zika Japanese encephalitis Tick-borne encephalitis Viral hepatitis Measles Smallpox and Monkeypox Respiratory Syncytial virus

COVID-19
Bivalent BA.1/BA.4-5 mRNA vaccines Monovalent XBB-1.5 mRNA vaccine Private archives of the initial phase of the pandemic Private archives of lecture materials of COVID vaccine as of March 2021 厚生労働省が発出する保健行政関連の文書の読み解き方

Bacteria
Bacteriological tests Tuberculosis Tuberculosis in Children HIV-TB co-infection Leprosy Dermatological mycobacterium infecions Syphilis and Yaws Plague Pneumococcus Meningococcus Typhoid Salmonellosis Melioidosis Leptospirosis Brucellosis Bartonellosis Lyme disease and Relapsing fever Tularaemia Tetanus Diphtheria Anthrax Coxiellosis

Rickettsia
Rickettsiosis Scrub typhus Spotted fevers Epidemic typhus Murine typhus

Protozoa
Overview of protozoa Overview of medicine for protozoa Malaria Chagas disease African trypanosomiasis Leishmaniasis Trichomoniasis Toxoplasmosis Amoebiasis Giardiasis Cryptosporidiosis Cyclosporiasis Isosporiasis Pentatrichomoniasis Microsporidiasis Babesiosis

Fungi
General issues of fungi Coccidioidomycosis Paracoccidioidomycosis Histoplasmosis Talaromycosis Blastomycosis Sporotrichosis

Nematode (roundworm)
Nematode principles Lympatic filariasis Onchocerciasis Loiasis Microscopic differentiation of microfilariae Strongyloidiasis Ascariasis Ancylostomiasis (hookworm) Trichuriasis (whipworm) Enterobiasis (pinworm) Angiostrongyliasis (rat lungworm) Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm) Anisakiasis Trichinellosis (Trichinosis) Gnathostomiasis Spirurinasis Soil-transmitted helminths

Trematode (fluke, distoma)
General issues of Helminths Trematode principles Schistosomiasis Clonorchiasis Fascioliasis Paragonimiasis Metagonimiasis

Cestode (tapeworm)
General issues of Helminths Cestode principles Diphyllobothriasis Sparganosis Taeniasis Echinococcosis

Medical Zoology
Zoonosis Insectology Mosquitology Acarology Batology Snake toxicology Scorpion and spider toxicology Marine toxicology

Medicine for helminths

	Nematode	Trematode	Cestode
Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) Lymphatic filariasis Loiasis when <8,000MF/mL NEVER for Onchocerciasis and beware of co-infection
Ivermectin Onchocerciasis but Mazzotti 10% and encephalopathy NEVER for Loiasis and beware of co-infection Strongyloidiasis Ancylostomiasis (hookworm) Gnathostomiasis
Albendazole Loiasis when >8,000MF/mL Ancylostomiasis (hookworm) Trichuriasis (whipworm) Trichinellosis Toxocariasis Enterobiasis (pinworm) Gnathostomiasis		Echinococcosis
Praziquantel Ascariasis	Adult of schistosoma Clonorchiasis Paragonimiasis	Diphyllobothriasis Taeniasis Echinococcosis
Triclabendazole	Fasciolasis
Doxycycline Adult of lymphatic filariae for Wolbachia Adult of onchocerca for Wolbachia
Surgical/Mechanical removal Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm) Anisakiasis		PAIR for Echinococcus granulosus Surgery for Echinococcus multilocularis
Spontaneous resolution/ No effective treatment Angiostrongyliasis (rat lungworm) Cutaneous larva migrans by ancylostomiasis

Treatment options of Lymphatic filariasis, Onchocerciasis and Loiasis

	Lymphatic filariasis	Onchocerciasis	Loiasis
Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)	1st line	NEVER possibly Mazzotti	<8,000 MF/mL
Ivermectin		1st line but Mazzotti 10%	NEVER possibly encephalopathy
Albendazole			>8,000 MF/mL

	Lymphatic filariasis	LF & Oncho	Onchocerciasis	Oncho & Loiasis	Loiasis
Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)	1st line	NEVER	NEVER	NEVER	<8,000 MF/mL
Ivermectin		Ivermectin + Albendazole may be safe	1st line but Mazzotti 10%	NEVER	NEVER
Albendazole				may be an option	>8,000 MF/mL
Other option				Cytapheresis of oncho MF before DEC

※MF = microfilariae