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| General issues of Vaccine
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| General issues of Tropical med.
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| General issues of Travel med.
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| Trematode (fluke, distoma)
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Reproduction of protozoa
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Virus
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Bacteria/
Rickettsia
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Protozoa
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Nematode
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Trematode
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Cestode
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asexual
(fission)
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sexual
(zygote)
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both of
asexual and sexual
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Routes of transmission
Vertical transmission
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Virus
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Bacteria/
Rickettsia
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Protozoa
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Nematode
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Trematode
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Cestode
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| placental
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| transvaginal
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| breastfeeding
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Soil and Water
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Virus
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Bacteria/
Rickettsia
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Protozoa
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Nematode
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Trematode
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Cestode
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| Soil to skin
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| Soil to mouth
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Anus to mouth
though called as
soil-transmitted helminths
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| Direct contact to freshwater
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| Aspiration of freshwater
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| Ingestion of freshwater
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Animals and Aquatic organism
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Virus
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Bacteria/
Rickettsia
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Protozoa
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Nematode
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Trematode
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Cestode
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| Rodent
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| Domestic animals
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| Freshwater fish
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| Freshwater crab
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| Sea fish
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Flies
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Virus
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Bacteria/
Rickettsia
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Protozoa
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Nematode
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Trematode
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Cestode
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Sandfly Phlebotomus
- old world (Africa)
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Sandfly Lutzomyia
- new world (Americas)
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| Blackfly
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| Tse Tse fly
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| Deer fly Chrysops
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| Horse fly Tabanus
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Acari, Fleas, Lice
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Virus
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Bacteria/
Rickettsia
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Protozoa
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Nematode
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Trematode
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Cestode
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hard
ticks |
Ixodes
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| Dermacentor
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| Haemaphysalis
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| Hyalomma
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| Rhipicephalus
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| Amblyomma
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soft
ticks |
Ornithodoros
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chigger
mite |
Leptotrombidium
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| flea
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| lice
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Incubation period/Latent infection
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Virus |
Bacteria and Rickettsia |
Protozoa |
Nematode |
Trematode |
Cestode
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| Incubation/latency possibly > 1 year
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Target organs
Eye involvement
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Virus |
Bacteria and Rickettsia |
Protozoa |
Nematode |
Trematode |
Cestode
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| Conjunctivitis
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Skin involvement
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Virus |
Bacteria and Rickettsia |
Protozoa |
Nematode |
Trematode |
Cestode
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| larvae migrans
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Liver and spleen involvement
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Virus |
Bacteria and Rickettsia |
Protozoa |
Nematode |
Trematode |
Cestode
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| Jaundice
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| Hepatosplenomegaly
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| Hepatomegaly predominant
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| Splenomegaly predominant
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Infected cells
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Virus |
Bacteria and Rickettsia |
Protozoa |
Nematode |
Trematode |
Cestode
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| Macrophage
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Syndromes
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Virus |
Bacteria and Rickettsia |
Protozoa |
Nematode |
Trematode |
Cestode
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| Katayama syndrome
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| Löeffler syndrome
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| Mazzotti reaction
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| Wakana syndrome
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Treatment
Treatment for helminths
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Virus |
Bacteria and Rickettsia |
Protozoa |
Nematode |
Trematode |
Cestode
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Diethylcarbamazine
(DEC)
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| Ivermectin
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| Albendazole
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| Praziquantel
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| Triclabendazole
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| Doxycycline
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Mechanical removal
Spontaneous resolution
No effective treatment
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Options for LF, Oncho and Loiasis
