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General issues of Vaccine
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General issues of Tropical med.
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General issues of Travel med.
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Trematode (fluke, distoma)
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Reproduction of protozoa
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Virus
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Bacteria/ Rickettsia
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Protozoa
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Nematode
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Trematode
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Cestode
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asexual (fission)
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sexual (zygote)
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both of asexual and sexual
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Routes of transmission
Vertical transmission
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Virus
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Bacteria/ Rickettsia
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Protozoa
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Nematode
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Trematode
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Cestode
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placental
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transvaginal
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breastfeeding
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Soil and Water
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Virus
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Bacteria/ Rickettsia
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Protozoa
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Nematode
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Trematode
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Cestode
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Soil to skin
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Soil to mouth
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Anus to mouth though called as soil-transmitted helminths
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Direct contact to freshwater
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Aspiration of freshwater
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Ingestion of freshwater
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Animals and Aquatic organism
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Virus
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Bacteria/ Rickettsia
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Protozoa
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Nematode
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Trematode
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Cestode
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Rodent
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Domestic animals
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Freshwater fish
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Freshwater crab
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Sea fish
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Flies
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Virus
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Bacteria/ Rickettsia
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Protozoa
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Nematode
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Trematode
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Cestode
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Sandfly Phlebotomus - old world (Africa)
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Sandfly Lutzomyia - new world (Americas)
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Blackfly
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Tse Tse fly
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Deer fly Chrysops
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Horse fly Tabanus
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Acari, Fleas, Lice
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Virus
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Bacteria/ Rickettsia
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Protozoa
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Nematode
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Trematode
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Cestode
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hard ticks |
Ixodes
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Dermacentor
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Haemaphysalis
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Hyalomma
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Rhipicephalus
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Amblyomma
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soft ticks |
Ornithodoros
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chigger mite |
Leptotrombidium
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flea
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lice
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Incubation period/Latent infection
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Virus |
Bacteria and Rickettsia |
Protozoa |
Nematode |
Trematode |
Cestode
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Incubation/latency possibly > 1 year
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Target organs
Eye involvement
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Virus |
Bacteria and Rickettsia |
Protozoa |
Nematode |
Trematode |
Cestode
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Conjunctivitis
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Skin involvement
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Virus |
Bacteria and Rickettsia |
Protozoa |
Nematode |
Trematode |
Cestode
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larvae migrans
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Liver and spleen involvement
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Virus |
Bacteria and Rickettsia |
Protozoa |
Nematode |
Trematode |
Cestode
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Jaundice
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Hepatosplenomegaly
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Hepatomegaly predominant
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Splenomegaly predominant
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Infected cells
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Virus |
Bacteria and Rickettsia |
Protozoa |
Nematode |
Trematode |
Cestode
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Macrophage
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Syndromes
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Virus |
Bacteria and Rickettsia |
Protozoa |
Nematode |
Trematode |
Cestode
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Katayama syndrome
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Löeffler syndrome
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Mazzotti reaction
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Wakana syndrome
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Treatment
Treatment for helminths
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Virus |
Bacteria and Rickettsia |
Protozoa |
Nematode |
Trematode |
Cestode
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Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)
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Ivermectin
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Albendazole
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Praziquantel
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Triclabendazole
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Doxycycline
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Mechanical removal Spontaneous resolution No effective treatment
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Options for LF, Oncho and Loiasis