Matrices of tropical infection

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2022年10月16日 (日) 12:46時点におけるVaccipedia.admin (トーク | 投稿記録)による版 (→‎Reproduction of protozoa)
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Reproduction of protozoa

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia
Protozoa Nematode Trematode Cestode
asexual
(fission)
sexual
(zygote)
both of
asexual and sexual

Routes of transmission

Vertical transmission

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia
Protozoa Nematode Trematode Cestode
placental
transvaginal
breastfeeding

Soil and Water

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia
Protozoa Nematode Trematode Cestode
Soil to skin
Soil to mouth
Anus to mouth
though called as
soil-transmitted helminths
Direct contact to freshwater
Aspiration of freshwater
Ingestion of freshwater

Animals and Aquatic organism

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia
Protozoa Nematode Trematode Cestode
Rodent
Domestic animals
Freshwater fish
Freshwater crab
Sea fish

Flies

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia
Protozoa Nematode Trematode Cestode
Sandfly Phlebotomus
- old world (Africa)
Sandfly Lutzomyia
- new world (Americas)
Blackfly
Tse Tse fly
Deer fly Chrysops
Horse fly Tabanus

Acari, Fleas, Lice

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia
Protozoa Nematode Trematode Cestode
hard
ticks
Ixodes
Dermacentor
Haemaphysalis
Hyalomma
Rhipicephalus
Amblyomma
soft
ticks
Ornithodoros
chigger
mite
Leptotrombidium
flea
lice

Incubation period/Latent infection

Virus Bacteria and Rickettsia Protozoa Nematode Trematode Cestode
Incubation/latency possibly > 1 year

Target organs

Eye involvement

Virus Bacteria and Rickettsia Protozoa Nematode Trematode Cestode
Conjunctivitis

Skin involvement

Virus Bacteria and Rickettsia Protozoa Nematode Trematode Cestode
larvae migrans

Liver and spleen involvement

Virus Bacteria and Rickettsia Protozoa Nematode Trematode Cestode
Jaundice
Hepatosplenomegaly
Hepatomegaly predominant
Splenomegaly predominant

Infected cells

Virus Bacteria and Rickettsia Protozoa Nematode Trematode Cestode
Macrophage

Syndromes

Virus Bacteria and Rickettsia Protozoa Nematode Trematode Cestode
Katayama syndrome
Löeffler syndrome
Mazzotti reaction
Wakana syndrome

Treatment

Treatment for helminths

Virus Bacteria and Rickettsia Protozoa Nematode Trematode Cestode
Diethylcarbamazine
(DEC)
Ivermectin
Albendazole
Praziquantel
Triclabendazole
Doxycycline
Mechanical removal
Spontaneous resolution
No effective treatment

Options for LF, Oncho and Loiasis

Lymphatic filariasis Onchocerciasis Loiasis
Diethylcarbamazine
(DEC)
1st line NEVER
possibly Mazzotti
<8,000MF/mL
Ivermectin 1st line
but Mazzotti 10%
NEVER
possibly encephalopathy
Albendazole >8,000MF/mL
Lymphatic filariasis →LF & Oncho← Onchocerciasis →Oncho & Loiasis← Loiasis
Diethylcarbamazine
(DEC)
1st line NEVER NEVER NEVER <8,000MF/mL
Ivermectin Ivermectin + Albendazole
may be safe
1st line
but Mazzotti 10%
NEVER NEVER
Albendazole may be an option >8,000MF/mL
Other option Cytapheresis of oncho MF before DEC